SNOWPACK CONDITIONS IMPROVE
Due to a “wet” January, snowpack has improved but still remains well below average. Data collected from the NRCS SNOTEL sites as of Feb. 1st, indicates snow water equivalent is: 62% for the Gunnison, 76% in the Upper Colorado, 86% in the South Platte, 83% in the Laramie/North Platte, 85% in the Yampa/White, 77% in the Arkansas, 35% in the Rio Grande, and 42% in the San Miguel/Delores/Animas/ and San Juan River Basins for a state-wide average of 67%.
NITROGEN LINKED TO SELENIUM IMPAIRMENT
Winfield Wright , a USGS scientist, published a paper in the July-August, 1999 edition of Journal of Environment Quality, Volume 28, number 4, titled “Oxidation and mobility of Selenium by Nitrate in Irrigation Drainage.” In it he concludes that in the runoff from irrigation of Cretaceous marine shale soils, nitrate increases solubility of selenium in the Grand Valley, Uncompahgre, Delores and Pine Rivers. Downstream from each of these areas there are river segments containing endangered aquatic species. Winfield has done some follow-up research, which he will publish soon, on the effects of oxygen and temperature. This could have far-reaching significance on efforts needed to recovery the endangered fish.
PROGRAMMATIC BIOLOGICAL OPINION (PBO) FOR 15-MILE REACH FINALIZED
On December 20, the Fish and Wildlife Service released a final PBO, on Colorado River water use affecting the segment between Palisade and the confluence of the Gunnison River. The opinion states that effectiveness of the Upper Colorado River Endangered Fish Recovery Program allows water development for human uses to occur while recovering and protecting the Colorado pikeminnow, razorback sucker, humpback chub and bonytail chub. The opinion provides ESA compliance for all current depletions above this segment (averaging about 1 maf) and up to 120 kaf of new depletions.
Recovery actions include increasing the amount of water released into the river during certain times of the year, improving river habitat, constructing fish passages to provide access to areas where fish lived historically, stocking and monitoring the status of the endangered fish and reducing the impacts of nonnative fish.
Denver Water and the Northern Colorado Water Conservancy District are proposing a new reservoir in Sulphur Gulch, near DeBeque, to meet their commitment to 10,825 af of stored water for enhancement of peak spring flows.
YAMPA WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
As part of a Programmatic Biological Opinion for the Yampa River, the Fish & Wildlife Service has released a draft plan to cover 120 kaf of historic depletions plus 50,000 af of expected new demands by 2045. Like the PBO for the 15-mile Reach, the plan includes non-native fish controls, fish passages, specific actions designed to offset depletion impacts, possible sources for augmentation water and monitoring to evaluate progress.
ASPINALL OPERATIONS
Although the Fish & Wildlife Service has not yet quantified its flow recommendations to recover endangered fish in the Gunnison River, Frank Pfifer, at a meeting of stakeholders on 1/31, did say that the Service is looking at target high water flows for six hydrologic conditions at the Whitewater gage outside of Grand Junction. These flows are: 4000 cfs for extremely dry conditions; 7,000 cfs for moderately dry; 9,500 cfs during below average conditions; 12,500 cfs for above average conditions; 17,000 cfs – moderately wet; and 22,500 cfs during extremely wet conditions. Frank said that base flow recommendation is likely to be 300 cfs below the Redlands diversion. The Service also reported they will be stocking 160,000 razorback suckers in the Colorado and Gunnison Rivers this year.
The US Weather Service is predicting warmer and drier conditions through April with conditions enhanced by summer monsoons.
David Gelhert, from the Justice Department, has been assigned to work with the Park Service and Bureau to help develop recommended quantification of the Park Services reserved rights for the Black Canyon.
MINERS CREEK
A water right application by Breckenridge last year is being contested by several groups including the Colorado Water Conservation Board to protect instream flows. This fracas is being caused by an amendment to the instream flow program statutes made in 1981. This change made instream flow claims subservient to any existing water uses, even if such uses had not been recognized in water court. The issue is whether a turn-of-the-century diversion from Miners Creek into the Blue River should be considered abandoned. If it is abandoned, since no one has been using it for decades, than Breckenridge can’t claim its seniority to the instream flow in the Blue River. Although there are attempts to resolve this issue through negotiation, it is likely to end up in water court, especially due to all of the publicity in the local and state-wide press.
SNOWMAKING AT KEYSTONE AND A-BASIN
Efforts to expand snowmaking are causing conflicts between the many agencies involved over water quality and instream flow protection. The agencies involved are the Colorado Water Conservation Board, the Forest Service, EPA and Corps of Engineers. The Forest Service has approved expansion of snowmaking out of the Snake River for Keystone and also approved snowmaking diversions for A-Basin from the North Fork which is a tributary to the Snake. The Snake is impaired with heavy metals, a remnant of the mining that occurred in the basin over a century ago.
The diversions from the North Fork for A-Basin will reduce the dilution flows available for the Snake River making metals concentrations higher. The tainted water in the Snake being used by Keystone is causing water pollution in other drainages as the man-made snow melts. The Corps is requiring a bypass flow for snowmaking which the CWCB says comes under their purview, not the Corps. The Corps says the CWCB instream flow right of 6 cfs is insufficient to protect an aquatic habitat once water quality in the Snake improves. The Corps and EPA are saying the Forest Service is not adequately addressing the cumulative effects of the diversions.
Sound complex? It gets more so when you look at the mitigation being proposed. But, that deserves more space than is appropriate for this review. Copper Mountain and Breckenridge also have plans to expand their snowmaking capacities. [An appropriate response is to use storage for snowmaking instead of direct flow diversions.]
CWCB INSTREAM FLOW WORKSHOP
In the afternoon of Thursday, Feb. 24, at its offices at 1313 Sherman St., Denver, the CWCB will be holding a workshop to discuss monitoring, mitigation, instream water rights to protect recreational uses, GOCO funding to acquire instream flow rights and long range planning for new appropriations. The public is invited. For more information, call 303 866-3441.
CWCB DIRECTOR DEPARTING
Peter Evans, the Director of the CWCB, after only serving a little more than one year, has announced he will be leaving as soon as a replacement is hired. Greg Walcher, the Executive Director of the Department of Natural Resources, announced a search for a new director will begin immediately. The CWCB director’s position is hired by the E.D. of DNR.
HAZARD MITIGATION GRANT PROGRAM (HMGP)
The HMGP has targeted the acquisition of flood prone properties in Otero County. Forty-eight homes will be demolished and 62 homes will be acquired. An additional 14 homes are being bought with Community Development Block Grant funds. HMGP funds are also being used to flood proof the town offices of Crowley and develop a flood warning system for Otero County. The Program is also funding the acquisition of two homes in Manitou Springs damaged by landslides.
COLORADO WATER POLLUTION CONTROL REVOLVING FUND (WPCRF)
The WPCRF loan capacity for next year is $110 million. Loan demand is expected to be between $40-50 million. To date, over $307 million is loans have been executed.
COLORADO DRINKING WATER REVOLVING FUND
The DWRF loan capacity for next year is $50 million with demand expected to be about $30 million.
WHIRLING DISEASE LINK TO WATER TEMPERATURE MIGHT SAVE RAINBOW TROUT
A biologist says whirling disease spores are most prevalent in water temperatures of about 50 degrees and young trout are most vulnerable.
Strains of rainbow that hatch in colder water would be more resistant to infection. Billings Gazette (AP); Jan. 9
INTERNATIONAL DAY OF ACTION AGAINST DAMS AND FOR RIVERS, WATER & LIFE – March 14, 2000 – Over the last year, the anti-dam movement has gained huge momentum — from nonviolent mass resistance in Asia to unprecedented networking in Latin America and Africa to dam removals in Europe and North America. International Rivers Network has posters and brochures for the Day of Action available for promoting local events. To see photos or descriptions of past events organized as part of the Day of Action, visit http://www.irn.org/dayofaction. The Day of Action was inspired by the First International Meeting of People Affected by Dams held in Curitiba, Brazil in 1997. IRN is urging groups to participate by organizing local events.
David Brower and the Glen Canyon Action Network have scheduled the “Colorado River Restoration Celebration and Rendezvous” on 3/14 at the dam.
On 3/13, they have organized a “Glen Canyon Teach-in” rally in Flagstaff on the campus of Northern Arizona University in the Student Union.
RADIOACTIVE MINE WASTE POLLUTING COLORADO RIVER TO BE CLEANED UP
Water tests reveal that “uranium mill waste” leaching into the Colorado River has made the water radioactive at “one-third the level considered dangerous,” says the San Diego Union Tribune 1/10. The mine’s owner, Atlas Corp., has declared bankruptcy, leaving the bulk of the enormous clean up costs to taxpayers. The huge pile of mine waste “sits 750 feet from the river,” and is leaking “an estimated 28,800 gallons of radioactive pollution and toxic chemicals”, including ammonia, into the river each day. The ammonia is a threat to the endangered fish in the river.
Sec. of Energy, Richardson, announced that his agency will be taking over the site and removing the tailings from its current location. This may make the lawsuit by the Grand Canyon Trust, Sierra Club and the local county moot. Richardson’s proposal includes the return of 89,000 acres of land to Utah’s Northern Utes, probably excluding the land from proposed wilderness, but it will help ensure cleanup of radioactive mine tailings upstream from much of the Southwest’s recreation areas and drinking water sources.
IRRIGATION WATER SUPPLY STATISTICS
The National Agricultural Statistics Service reports that only 14.6% of all farmland in the US is irrigated and that irrigated acreage increased by 7% from 49.4 million acres to 55 million acres between 1992 and 1997. California has the most irrigated acreage (8.7 million acres) and Colorado is ranked 6th with 3.4 million acres. For more information visit www.nass.usda.gov or for a copy of the report (Irrigation, Nov. 99, Vol. VII, No. 6) call 1 800 727-9540.
DROUGHTS IN COLORADO
In the semi-arid climate of Colorado, where annual precipitation averages only 17 inches statewide, some portion of the state is experiencing drought 92% of the time. Drs. Tom McKee and Nolan Doesken, researchers at CSU’s Colorado Climate Center, define drought as “well below average precipitation for at least three months. They say that Colorado is unique because of two separate moisture sources: winter snowstorms in the mountains and spring rains on the plains. As a result, Colorado relies on reservoir storage to minimize the impact of drought. The two sectors of our economy that are most sensitive to drought are the ski industry and agriculture. Farm programs have protected farmers from drought while the ski industry has relied on snowmaking to protect itself. Prolonged drought will require curtailment of domestic uses and reallocation of supplies.
DROUGHT IS COMING TO NEW MEXICO; IT’S JUST A MATTER OF WHEN
New Mexico has enjoyed a 20-year wet cycle, and analysts cringe at what the inevitable next drought will bring when they look at the state’s water usage, growing population and fragile rural economies. Albuquerque Journal; Feb. 1
RECLAMATION TO FUND SANTA FE’S REUSE PROJECT
The Bureau of Reclamation announced that $750,000 will be provided to continue to help Santa Fe complete a feasibility study associated with a water reclamation and reuse project. This includes a Treated Effluent Management Plan, which will reclaim treated municipal wastewater for urban irrigation and construction; the Rio Grande Diversion Demonstration Pilot Project, to supply high-quality drinking water to regional partners via a new raw water diversion; and the Santa Fe River Augmentation, which will deliver reclaimed water upstream on the Santa Fe River to augment the City’s supply wells through indirect recharge of the aquifer and enhance the recreational use of the Santa Fe corridor in the downtown area.
STUDY SAYS PHOENIX HOMEOWNERS USE MORE WATER ON XERISCAPED YARDS
A study of Phoenix lawns found that people who landscaped with drought-tolerant plants used one-third more water than those with grass and leafy trees. Researchers said though homeowners planted low-water species, they didn’t adjust their thinking or their sprinklers accordingly.Arizona Republic;Jan. 20
INTO THE TEETH OF THE GALE
A joint research project among three universities will send a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration hurricane-hunting plane into snowstorms over Utah’s Wasatch Front in a study of how steep topography affects snowfall. The idea is to improve forecasting abilities for the growing populations of Western states, with one eye on the 2002 Olympics. Salt Lake Tribune; Feb. 1
SURPLUS CRITERIA
Responding to Sec. Babbitt’s assurance that the release of surplus water to the Lower Basin of the Colorado would be done with “no net loss” of environmental resources, a group of environmental organizations have proposed an alternative to be included in the DEIS for surplus criteria to be released in March. The proposal suggests that before surpluses are released, a base flow that will reach the river delta will be allocated as well a flood flows that will reach the Gulf of California at least once every 6 years.
LOWER COLORADO RIVER WATER USE REPORT
The BOR reports the following consumptive use in 1999 in acre feet: Arizona, 2,770,362; California, 5,192,710; Nevada, 281,727; Unmeasured returns, (235,033); States total, 8,009,767; Mexico Treaty, 1,700,000; Excess of Treaty, 923,675; Minute 242 bypass, 72,073; for a total of 10,705,515.
SNAKE RIVER PROTECTION
Taxpayers for Common Sense has sponsored an endorsement drive for restoring the Snake River. This new tool shows the national scope of the issue and its appeal to a broad audience. The listed endorsers advocate a variety of policies, but all agree on the need for partial removal of the four Lower Snake River dams.
To sign on in support, visit http://www.taxpayer.net/snake/Take_Action.htm or contact Kathleen McNeely at TCS at kathleen@taxpayer.net or 1-800-TAXPAYER ext.128. To see the list of more than 700 groups, businesses, prominent individuals, and fishers who have signed onto the endorsement list, visit
http://www.taxpayer.net/snake/groups.html. For more information, see http://www.amrivers.org/snakesupportlist.html
OPINION AT FIRST SALMON HEARING WEIGHS AGAINST DAMS
Most of the public comments at the first hearing on federal agencies’ plan to save salmon called for breaching four Snake River dams. Support came from diverse interests — fishing guides, environmentalists, biologists and Indian tribes — while barge operators, industry representatives and irrigators objected. Idaho Statesman (AP); Feb. 4
NEW SALMON RULES COULD INCREASE PENALTIES
A newly proposed regulation on protecting Pacific Northwest salmon would provide for fines and even jail for those who “kill, harm or harass 14 threatened salmon populations or their habitat,” says AP 1/11. The same proposal also allows state and local governments to develop their own protection rules and offer “exemptions from new federal salmon regulations,” to those in compliance.
The NMFS contends that the new rules will “result in more endangered species prosecutions” but would “be limited and targeted at the most egregious violators.”
B.C. SALMON COULD BE GLOBAL WARMING’S FIRST CASUALTY
The Fraser River’s salmon, which generate 60 percent of British Columbia’s commercial fishing revenue, could be wiped out within decades if summer water temperatures keep rising. Researchers say it could be the first example of extinction due to global warming. Globe and Mail; Jan. 28
SCIENTISTS REALIZING RECYCLING ROLE OF SALMON
Accumulating research suggests that the most important contribution salmon made to inland ecosystems was themselves. The bodies of spent salmon fed insects, bears, plants and baby salmon, and their absence means a vast gap in recycled nutrients that’s gaining a higher profile in recovery efforts.
Spokesman-Review; Feb. 7
POLLUTION CONTROL TRUMPS GOLD MINE ECOLOGY
The WA state Pollution Control Hearing Board reversed a decision by the state Department of Ecology to issue permits for Battle Mountain Gold’s massive leach mine, says the Okanogan Highlands Alliance 1/19. The WA Environmental Council, who with the Alliance appealed the permits, called the decision a “great victory for the people and environment of Washington State.”
FEDERAL RESERVED WATER RIGHTS
In November 1999, the Arizona Supreme Court decided that a federal reserved water right extends to groundwater when groundwater is necessary to accomplish the purpose of the federal reservation. It also decided that the holder of such a right may invoke federal law to protect its groundwater to the extent such protection is necessary to fulfill its reserved right. A copy of the Court’s decision is available at http://www.supreme.state.az.us/opin/filed99.htm .
TRIBAL WATER RIGHTS DISPUTE
In Nevada, a claim brought by the South Fork Band of the Te-moak Shoshone Tribe in federal court is being disputed by a state court. On 12/15, the Nevada Sixth Judicial District Court issued an injunction against the US District Court. The injunction prohibits the US District from further proceedings. The Nevada Court is relying on a state statute for authority which gives it exclusive jurisdiction over water rights determinations.
MANITOBA HYDRO HYDRA
After decades of fighting hydroelectric megaprojects in Quebec, the Cree Nation and their environmental allies are turning to the “massive ecological disruption” caused by Crown-owned Manitoba Hydro, says the Toronto Globe and Mail 1/12. A boycott targeting MN electric consumers is hoping to draw attention to the “1.2 million hectares” of “flooded land, shorelines of slumping mud,” deforestation, and methyl mercury pollution that results from the massive water diversions that are part of ongoing and proposed hydroelectric power megaprojects.
NATURAL BORN ENDANGERED STURGEON FOUND
FWS biologists have verified that one and possibly more fish in the Big Muddy NFWR on the Missouri River are the first “naturally born pallid sturgeon” found in 30 years, says the St. Louis Post-Dispatch 1/10. They were distinguished from hatchery spawned sturgeon which are “older and larger.”
CONSERVATIONISTS HAVE ANOTHER IDEA FOR MISSOURI RIVER PLAN
The Army Corps of Engineers will soon release its management plan for the Missouri River, a policy that will set releases at six dams for decades. Critics have said draft plans benefit barge traffic to the detriment of fish, wildlife and habitat, and urge a “split season” that would increase spring flows. Environmental News Network; Jan. 21
YELLOWSTONE LAKE HIDES SURREAL TOPOGRAPHY
Scientists bouncing sound waves off the bottom of Yellowstone Lake have found a landscape more fantastic than anything visible to park visitors, and forces at work they never would have guessed. Idaho Falls Post-Register (AP); Feb. 8
WATERSHED REPORT
In 1997, River Network, with funding from the Henry P. Kendall Foundation, undertook the Four Corners Watershed Innovators Initiative. This Initiative built on two earlier workshops which examined issues, strategies and prospects for the fledgling watershed approach, with emphasis on the role of citizen-led efforts. The project was based on the premise that some of the most important environmental innovations in future years will take place at the state and watershed levels and will involve the collaboration of state agencies and a wide variety of non governmental organizations and stakeholders.
The report, entitled: Exploring the Watershed Approach: Critical Dimensions of State-Local Partnerships is now downloadable from River Network’s website: www.rivernetwork.org/fourcorn.htm.
EPA CANCELS 2000 IMPAIRED WATERS LISTS
EPA is proposing revisions to the Total Maximum Daily Load regulations for implementing EPA’s responsibilities under Section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act. The proposal eliminates the regulatory requirement that states, territories, and authorized tribes submit to EPA by April 1, 2000, lists of impaired and threatened waters, unless EPA has been required by a court order, consent decree, or settlement agreement to take action based on a state’s year-2000 list. The proposal only affects the April 1, 2000, list; it retains the existing regulatory requirement that lists be submitted on April 1, 2002, and on April 1 of subsequent even numbered years.
NUTRIENT GUIDANCE
On January 10, EPA released Protocol for Developing Nutrient TMDL’s – First Edition. This document is the second in a series of three technical guidance documents developed by EPA to provide a framework for completing the technical and programmatic steps in the TMDL development process where nutrients are the pollutants of concern. For the pdf version of this document: http://www.epa.gov/owow/tmdl/new.html
CLEAN LAKES PROGRAM
The new year brings good news regarding EPA support for funding State Clean Lakes Programs. The EPA has issued new guidance for 319 program funding that suggests that states spend AT LEAST 5% of their 319 program funds on
Section 314 Clean Lakes program elements. The new guidance also requires states to answer very specific questions regarding their funding of Clean Lakes activities, so that finally we should have some concrete answers as to whether any money is getting through to the state lake programs.
A copy of this guidance is available at the North American Lake Management Society (NALMS) Government Affairs website: http://www.nalms.org/resource/govtaffr/govtaffr.htm
PRAIRIE POTHOLES PROTECTED
The USDA has settled a lawsuit by agreeing to continue wetlands protection for seasonally wet prairie potholes that provide essential habitat for migrating waterfowl, says ENS 1/21. Wildlife advocates brought the lawsuit after the USDA ordered South Dakota field offices “to change the criteria for identifying prairie wetlands.”
SUPPLEMENTAL GUIDANCE FOR THE AWARD OF POLLUTED RUNOFF GRANTS IN FY 2000
EPA has published guidance directed at upgraded state nonpoint source programs to implement watershed restoration action strategies in priority watersheds, a key action of the President’s Clean Water Action Plan. The guidance provides information about grant allocations to states, the $2,500,000 in grants now available to tribes, eligibility of clean lakes assessment and restoration activities, and grants reporting and tracking.
http://www.epa.gov/owow/nps/Section319/fy2000.html
STORM WATER STRATEGIES
NRDC recently completed a report on environmentally effective and economically advantageous stormwater pollution prevention strategies entitled Stormwater Strategies: Community Responses to Runoff Pollution [copies of the report are available by calling NRDC’s publications department at (212) 727-4486 or can be found on their Web site at www.nrdc.org/nrdcpro]. This report now forms the foundation for an ongoing, comprehensive stormwater education and outreach effort. Activities include:
*making presentations at national, regional, and local conferences and meetings;
*organizing a series of local or regional workshops for municipal officials/activists;
*and establishing a clearing house for stormwater information and contacts on the Web.
Contact: George Aponte Clarke, Stormwater Project Coordinator, Natural Resources Defense Council, 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011, Phone: (212) 727-4413 / Fax: (212) 727-1773, E-mail: gaclarke@nrdc.org
SUPREME COURT UPHOLDS CITIZEN SUITS
In what has been called “one of the biggest legal victories” for environmentalists in two decades, the US Supreme Court upheld “the right of citizen groups” to use lawsuits to enforce environmental laws, says the LA Times 1/13. Although the case involved a citizen suit against polluters under the Clean Water Act, the ruling would apply to “20 other environmental laws that have citizen suit provisions.”
PUBLIC GETS “F” IN ENVIRONMENTAL “READINESS”
A study by the National Environmental Education and Training Foundation found the American public was “willing — but neither ready nor able” to meet the environmental challenges of the early 21st Century, says U.S. Newswire 1/6. The 1999 National Report Card found that 3 decades of progress could end due to “a disturbing level of public ignorance and misinformation.” The key environmental issues of the next century are likely to shift from regulating large businesses to the “multi-faceted” problems of “consumer activities, service businesses and the average individual.”
RESOURCES
NEW FROM THE PACIFIC INSTITUTE –
* Peter H. Gleick & Elizabeth L. Chalecki, “The Impacts of Climatic Changes for Water Resources of the Colorado and Sacramento-San Joaquin River Basins,” 35(6) Journal of the American Water Resources Association 1429-1441 (1999);
* Elizabeth L. Chalecki & Peter H. Gleick, “A Framework of Ordered Climate Effects on Water Resources: A Comprehensive Bibliography,” 35 (6) Journal of the American Water Resources Association 1657-1665 (1999)
Reprints are available from the Institute; contact Lorelei Muenster: lmuenster@pacinst.org.
Deborah M. Finch et al. 1999. Rio Grande Ecosystems: Linking Land, Water, and People. Toward a Sustainable Future for the Middle Rio Grande Basin.
Proceedings of the Conference, Albuquerque, NM, June 2-5 1998. Ogden, UT: Rocky Mountain Research Station, Proceedings RMRS-P-7. 245 pp.
The Rio Grande Ecosystems symposium was convened to report relevant results, progress, and outcomes of joint ventures undertaken as a result of a 5-year research program by the Rocky Mountain Research Station in Albuquerque, and a simultaneous program of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for research, monitoring, management, and education. The proceedings include 42 papers presented under the five symposium themes: People, Culture, and Communication; River and Riparian Issues; Watershed Issues; Restoration and Monitoring Issues; and Biodiversity and Endangered Species.
Copies of the publication are available by contacting Richard Schneider – Publications, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 240 W Prospect Road, Fort Collins, CO 80526, Tel: 970-498-1392, Email: rschneider/rmrs@fs.fed.us, Website: http://www.xmission.com/~rmrs.
http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/. Orders should include this information: your complete mailing address; your telephone number; your email address; the publication title; and the publication’s series number.
PROFESSOR PUTS WORLD’S WATER AGREEMENTS ONLINE
An Oregon State University professor has compiled the world’s largest online collection of water treaties and compacts, as a source of information that may help settle water conflicts. Straight to the source: Professor Aaron Wolf’s Transboundary Freshwater Dispute Database. Environmental News Network; Feb. 4
EVENTS
April 3-5, 2000: Phoenix, AZ
“Southwest River Management and Restoration Nonstructural Approaches.” Organized by the Arizona Floodplain Management Association and many other groups. Come explore new approaches toward the management of waterways in the Southwest. Contact Valerie Swick, (602)506-4872, http://www.azfma.org.
June 3-11, 2000
This week is proclaimed as the official Rivers 2000 week. Go out and get involved in river and stream cleanups, canoeing, river walks, or any other activities to show your appreciation for rivers.
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